Natural Resources and Environmental Management

The scope of conservation ecology includes ecosystem principles, energy in ecological systems, and biogeochemical cycles. Approaches to freshwater, marine, estuarine, and terrestrial habitats are also discussed. In addition, principles of natural resource management within the scope of conservation, radiation ecology, restoration, and human ecology and its relationship to environmental conservation are also part of the study.

Environmental law in the Indonesian and international legal systems covers the background of the birth and development of national and international environmental laws and institutions. Definitions, principles, and developments internationally (global and regional) and extra-terrestrially are also discussed. The material of environmental law, including its institutions and its implementation practices in the international environmental management system,, are an essential part of this study.

Understanding and appreciating the regularity of the universe's system and humans' role as managers of natural resources has important implications for human attitudes and behavior (ethics or morals) as a whole. This is also related to human intellectual competence in various fields of life.

Various quantitative and qualitative analytical methods must follow environmental guidelines in research design. Designing experiments and sampling discrete and continuous populations is also an essential part of this process.

The limits and scope of natural resource management cover the basics of natural resource and environmental management according to ecological principles and the ecosystem approach. This involves integrated surveys and systems analysis. The resources managed include coastal land, seagrass, swamp, peat, rice fields, dry land, geothermal, and earthquake.

The foundations of environmental economics and environmental policy include economic growth, consumption theory, and welfare theory. The valuation of natural resources and the environment (economic valuation) and the impact of macroeconomic policies on the environment are also essential parts. The application of the 3Ps (Profit, Planet, and People) to maintain the sustainability of natural resources is also discussed.

Quality factors for environmental protection include human needs for water, soil, and air resources, solid, liquid, and gaseous waste management, including recycling. The principles of environmental pollution (air, water, and soil), its ecological effects, and the basics of solid and liquid waste treatment are discussed.

Understanding research methods and the characteristics of scientific research includes the scientific method, the preparation of a framework, conceptual framework, and hypothesis. In addition, observation methods and obstacles in developing science and technology are also of interest. Decision-making in the planning and preparation of scientific research in the context of communication is also discussed.

Environment and development issues, ecosystems and development, environmental technology issues, industry, biodiversity, lake environment, local wisdom and introductions in the environment, energy flow and development, political ecology, environmental management, environmentally sound development, and environmental ethics. Problem-solving based on data accuracy.

Scope and objectives of environmental, soil, water, and air chemistry. Analysis of water and air quality parameters. Interaction of solids, liquids, and gases in water. Carbon, sulfur, nitrogen cycles, and life processes influence environmental quality on public health. Travel of pollutants and body organs.

The effects of woody regrowth on climate, water, and soil. The use of knowledge about the effects of forests on watershed ecosystem management. The preservation and utilization of river discharge, catchment area, lake water balance, eutrophication and sedimentation, and environmental improvement.

The principles of the environmental bioremediation process, the limits of pollutant degradation in the environment, the types and sources of environmental pollutants, biomass degradation, the bioremediation of pollutants such as hydrocarbon compounds, oils, dyes, and metals, and molecular bioremediation techniques are covered.

Understanding of environmental sociology, local wisdom, green budgeting, traditional culture, myth symbol and culture, culture and environment, social ecology and environmental ethics, political ecology and environmental access, environmental justice and environmental conflicts (forests, plantations, coasts, regional autonomy).

Introduction and understanding of basic concepts and applications of GIS (Geographic Information System) tools, how to present and analyze partial data, and how to build a database system on various environmental components, both physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic cultural, so that they can be recorded adequately and utilized for formulating policies and making decisions about the environment.

Transformation into mathematical models/functions, the interaction between Operation Research and environmental management, integer programming and network optimization, transformation modeling, and the LCM method of transformation.

AMDAL (Environmental Impact Assessment) has functions and uses in evaluating the environmental impact of a project or activity. The process and implementation of EIA includes procedures that must be followed and stages that must be carried out in environmental impact assessment. Environmental feasibility evaluation is also an important part of EIA. Impact identification, forecasting and evaluation methods include physical, chemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural impacts. Different types of environmental impacts are identified and evaluated. The AMDAL assessment also considers applicable environmental regulations and quality standards in Indonesia.

Environmental planning and management aims to improve and maintain optimal environmental quality. Basic ecological policies become the main foundation in environmental management. The implementation of environmental planning and management in Indonesia involves various aspects, including regulations, policies, programs and practices that aim to ensure environmental sustainability.

The application of systems analysis techniques in examining environmental problems involves a systematic and holistic approach. Some common systems analysis techniques used in this context include: 1. Dynamic System Models: Used to understand the behavior of an environmental system over time and how certain factors may affect the dynamics of that system. 2. Input-Output Analysis: Identifies and evaluates the flow of inputs and outputs in an environmental system to understand their impact on ecological balance. 3. Hierarchical Systems Analysis: Study the hierarchical relationships between the components of an environmental system to understand how changes at one level can affect higher or lower levels. 4. Range Analysis: Evaluate the range of variability in environmental systems and how these factors affect environmental sustainability. 5. Sustainability Analysis: Considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects of a system to assess its long-term sustainability. 6. Linkage Analysis: Identifies and evaluates the interrelationships between different components in an environmental system and how these interactions can affect the whole system. The application of these systems analysis techniques helps in better understanding the complexity of environmental issues and enables more informed decision-making in efforts to protect and sustain the environment.